Europe

We’ve added a new ESG dataset from Eurostat that provides cooling degree days (CDD) and heating degree days (HDD) statistics for each EU country, as well as more granular coverage, up to NUTS-3. 

The CDD index is a weather-based technical index designed to show cooling requirements of buildings. It measures severity of heat by comparing outdoor temperature and the average room temperature. By contrast, the HDD index shows heating energy requirements.

The chart below displays the evolution of both indices across each EU nation since 1979. Dispersion across countries is due to their geographical location, but what this chart highlights is that the average CDD index has increased significantly in the past 10 years – and for most countries, is even higher than the 75% percentile. The opposite is true for the HDD index, which is decreasing in all economies. This means winters are warmer today than they were decades ago.

The dataset also covers NUTS-3 regions for each EU country. Another way to work with it is to measure deviations to the mean over time, by calculating Z-scores. 

The chart below focuses on Sweden and uses the heating and cooling degree days indices for its 21 NUTS-3 regions. We calculated cross-sectional mean, percentiles, and high-lows.

What’s worth noting at first is that the HDD index was two standard deviations below its mean in 2021 –

a record low – which indicates a very warm winter season. In general, we can see that the index has been consistently negative for the past 15 years, except for 2010. 

At the same time, the cooling degree days index Z-score is regularly close to 0, indicating that the summer season is not warmer than before, on average. However, note the outliers such as Sweden, which has been experiencing more frequent extreme heat.

Dominican Republic

We have also expanded our data coverage for the Dominican Republic, adding labour market statistics and more granularity for national accounts.

As an example, you can now build GDP contributions like the chart below:

Thailand

For Thailand, we’ve added services production indices calculated by the Bank of Thailand. 

Users can consult the underlying methodology here.

In the chart below, we rebased all indices to January 2020 to measure which sectors suffered the most from the pandemic, and whether they have since recovered.